Everything about Hen Ogledd totally explained
Yr Hen Ogledd is a
Welsh term meaning 'The Old North' and referring to the
sub-Roman Brythonic kingdoms of what is now
northern England and southern
Scotland.
These kingdoms flourished during the
5th,
6th and
7th centuries in the area south of the
Pictish lands. The people of these nations, and most often their kings, are referred to as the
Gwŷr y Gogledd or 'Men of the North'. A series of
Old Welsh pedigrees under this title appears to show the descent of many of these monarchs. Almost all of them begin with a common ancestor,
Coel Hen, and
John Morris has suggested that this man was the last
Roman Dux Britanniarum with military control over all of the north of Romanised Britain at the time of the
Roman withdrawal. After his death, his large and powerful 'realm' would thus have been divided, as was the custom, between his sons or, more probably, subordinate commanders, to be ruled by them and their successors. The names of many of these realms have been lost to history, but the ones that are known to us are listed:
These states were all extinguished or brought under other kingdoms following successive attacks or diplomatic takeovers from the 6th Century onwards by the
Angles of
Bernicia and
Deira (which merged to become
Northumbria), and by the
Kingdom of Alba which also absorbed the Kingdoms of the
Picts.
The earliest extant
Welsh poetry, known as
Hengerdd and represented by the works of
Aneirin and
Taliesin, was composed in
Yr Hen Ogledd.
Further Information
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